Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community

Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community

Maasais Lost their Grazing Lands: From the late 19th century, the British Colonial Government in East Africa also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasturelands were turned into cultivated fields.In Africa is residing over half the world's pastoralists population.

Maasai is one of these pastoral tribes, who reside over a past area stretching from North Kenya to these to the steppes of northern Tanzania. slowly and slowly , these people lost their grazing rights . the reasons for the same are following :

  • As a result of inspiration , their area or Massai land was divided into two parts - the British Kenya and German Tanganiyike. soon their best grazing grounds were taken over the white settlements.
  • Slowly and slowly , they were pushed into a small area south of Kenya and North of Tanzania . In this way , the maasai lost about 60% of their pre colonial lands.
  • In the late nineteenth century , the colonial government in east Africa encouraged the local peasants communities to expand their cultivation the clear result was the loss of grazing lands to the maasai community.
  • Large areas of grazing land were turned into game reserve like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. The Serengeti National Park was created over 14,760 km of Maasai grazing land.
  • Without grass, livestock (cattle, goats and sheep) were malnourished, which meant less food available for families and their children.
  • The Kilimanjaro Water Project cuts through the communities of the area near Ambosdi National Park. But the villagers are barred from using the water for irrigation or for livestock.
  • The loss of finest grazing lands and water resources created a serious problem for the pastoralists. Feeding the cattle became a persistent problem due to the unavailability of enough grazing lands.
  • Effect of Closed Borders on Pastoralists: Pastoral groups were forced to live within the confines of special reserves. The boundaries of these reserves became the limits within which they could now move. They were not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits. They were not even allowed to enter the markets in white areas. They were prohibited from participating in any form of trade. The new territorial boundaries and restrictions imposed on them suddenly changed the lives of pastoralists. This adversely affected both their pastoral and trading activities. Earlier, pastoralists not only looked after animal herds but traded in various products. The restrictions under colonial rule did not entirely stop their trading activities but they were now subject to various restrictions.

    The permit system affected the lives of pastoralists in the following ways:

  • Grazing land reduced and feeding cattle become very difficult.
  • Underfed cattle died which had negative impact on livelihood of massai herders.
  • They also lost valuable water resources for themselves and their cattle.
  • They were sometimes imprisoned without valid reason.
  • Restriction on their movement or entry to white areas not only affected their freedom of movement , but also their livelihood.
  • Maasai herders were expected to confine within semi - arid  drought - prone area and frequent drought reduced the size of their cattle.
  • Effect of Dried Pastures on Maasais: The Maasais were forced to live in semi—arid tracts prone to frequent drought. Since, they could not shift their cattle to places where pastures were available, large numbers of Maasai cattle died of starvation and disease in these years of drought.

    In just 2 years of severe drought 1933 and 1934, over half of the cattle of Maasai tribes died . in this way, the cattle stock of the Maasai's decreased under colonial rule.

     
     


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